Web Survey Bibliography
Online experiments are widely used nowadays in scientific research. However this methodological approach is seldom found in commercial market and social research. This surprises since online surveys are an ideal platform by offering the chance to systematically vary stimulus material. In this submission the methodological approach including some general results for three online experiments carried out for the group of the "Öffentlich-rechtlichen Versicherer" is presented. Furthermore implications for the application of online experiments in commercial market and social research are drawn.
The first experiment's goal was the optimization of website content featured on insurance sites. The stimulus material consisted of different information pages with the topic "private retirement insurance", in which pictures, text styles, structure, and text amount varied. Approx. 250 people participated in the experiment. The results show how information pages on the internet should be designed in the insurance branch.
In the second experiment, a suitable and catching name for a website had to be found. Stimulus material consisted of the result page of a search engine, in which the different names, contents, text lengths, and position of the entry were systematically varied. Approx. 240 people participated in this experiment. As a result, one favorite name could be clearly determined and general recommendations in respect to search engine results be given.
In the third experiment the optimal combination of picture and text material for the product "occupational disability insurance" was investigated. The stimulus material consisted of website excepts which were fully randomized created. In respect to text, the text style (e.g., "angst induction", "hard facts", or "without reasons") as well as text structure (continuous text, question-answer- and bullet-point-style) were altered. Furthermore, the number of pictures (1, 2, or 3) and the picture motive (e.g., "young people in jobs", "individual people", or "accident motives") were varied. It was determined how the combination of text in picture on insurance websites can be optimized and which effects e.g. on text appeal, objectivity, and image can be expected.
As a conclusion the possibilities of online experiments in commercial market and social research are presented and areas of application beyond the insurance branch are pointed out.
In der wissenschaftlichen Forschung sind Online-Experimente mittlerweile weit verbreitet. Dagegen findet sich in der kommerziellen Markt- und Sozialforschung dieser methodische Ansatz nur vereinzelt, obgleich die Durchführung von Online-Befragungen die ideale Plattform hierfür darstellt, indem systematische Variationen in Stimulusmaterialien vorgenommen werden können. In diesem Vortrag soll das methodische Vorgehen mit einigen allgemeinen Ergebnissen aus drei für die Gruppe der Öffentlich-rechtlichen Versicherer durchgeführten Online-Experimenten dargestellt werden. Des weiteren werden Implikationen für den Einsatz von Online-Experimenten in der kommerziellen Markt- und Sozialforschung gezogen.
Innerhalb des ersten Experiments stand die Optimierung des Contents von Versicherungswebsites im Vordergrund. Als Stimulusmaterial wurden verschiedene Informationsseiten zum Thema "Private Rentenversicherung" verwendet, in denen Elemente wie Bilder, Textstile, Strukturierung, und Textmenge variiert wurden. An dem Experiment nahmen rund 250 Personen teil. Die Ergebnisse liefern konkrete Aussagen darüber, wie Informationsseiten im Internet für Versicherungen gestaltet werden sollten.
Im zweiten Projekt wurde ein Experiment durchgeführt, um die Namensfindung für ein neues Versicherungsportal zu erleichtern. Hierzu wurde als Stimulusmaterial die Ergebnisseite einer Suchmaschine konstruiert, in der die Namensvorschläge, Inhalte und Länge der Erklärungstexte, sowie Position des Eintrags systematisch variiert wurden. An dem Experiment nahmen rund 240 Probanden teil. Als Ergebnis konnte ein eindeutiger Favorit ermittelt werden sowie allgemeine Empfehlungen zur Gestaltung von Suchmaschineneinträgen gewonnen werden.
Im dritten Projekt wurde die optimale Zusammenstellung von Bild- und Textelementen im Bereich der Berufsunfähigkeitsversicherung untersucht. Als Stimulusmaterial dienten Websiteauszüge, die vollständig randomisiert erstellt wurden. Textlich variiert wurde der Stil (z. B. "Angstinduktion", "harte Fakten" oder "ohne Begründung") sowie die Strukturierung der Texte (Fließtext, Frage-Antwort- und Bulletpoint-Stil). Weiterhin variiert wurde die Anzahl von Bildelementen (1-3 Bilder) sowie die Motive (z. B. "junge Personen im Beruf", "losgelöste Menschen" oder "Unfallmotive"). Als Ergebnis ließen sich eindeutige Richtlinien ableiten, wie sich die Kombination aus Bild und Text optimieren lässt und welche Effekte bspw. auf textliche Ansprache, Objektivität und Image zu erwarten sind.
Zusammenfassend werden die Möglichkeiten von Online-Experimenten in der kommerziellen Markt- und Sozialforschung dargestellt und Anwendungsfelder über die Versicherungsbranche hinaus aufgezeigt.
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Web survey bibliography (4086)
- Displaying Videos in Web Surveys: Implications for Complete Viewing and Survey Responses; 2017; Mendelson, J.; Lee Gibson, J.; Romano Bergstrom, J. C.
- Using experts’ consensus (the Delphi method) to evaluate weighting techniques in web surveys not...; 2017; Toepoel, V.; Emerson, H.
- Mind the Mode: Differences in Paper vs. Web-Based Survey Modes Among Women With Cancer; 2017; Hagan, T. L.; Belcher, S. M.; Donovan, H. S.
- Answering Without Reading: IMCs and Strong Satisficing in Online Surveys; 2017; Anduiza, E.; Galais, C.
- Ideal and maximum length for a web survey; 2017; Revilla, M.; Ochoa, C.
- Social desirability bias in self-reported well-being measures: evidence from an online survey; 2017; Caputo, A.
- Web-Based Survey Methodology; 2017; Wright, K. B.
- Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences; 2017; Liamputtong, P.
- Lessons from recruitment to an internet based survey for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: merits of...; 2017; Davies, B.; Kotter, M. R.
- Web Survey Gamification - Increasing Data Quality in Web Surveys by Using Game Design Elements; 2017; Schacht, S.; Keusch, F.; Bergmann, N.; Morana, S.
- Effects of sampling procedure on data quality in a web survey; 2017; Rimac, I.; Ogresta, J.
- Comparability of web and telephone surveys for the measurement of subjective well-being; 2017; Sarracino, F.; Riillo, C. F. A.; Mikucka, M.
- Achieving Strong Privacy in Online Survey; 2017; Zhou, Yo.; Zhou, Yi.; Chen, S.; Wu, S. S.
- A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Incentives on Response Rate in Online Survey Studies; 2017; Mohammad Asire, A.
- Telephone versus Online Survey Modes for Election Studies: Comparing Canadian Public Opinion and Vote...; 2017; Breton, C.; Cutler, F.; Lachance, S.; Mierke-Zatwarnicki, A.
- Examining Factors Impacting Online Survey Response Ratesin Educational Research: Perceptions of Graduate...; 2017; Saleh, A.; Bista, K.
- Usability Testing for Survey Research; 2017; Geisen, E.; Romano Bergstrom, J. C.
- Paradata as an aide to questionnaire design: Improving quality and reducing burden; 2017; Timm, E.; Stewart, J.; Sidney, I.
- Fieldwork monitoring and managing with time-related paradata; 2017; Vandenplas, C.
- Interviewer effects on onliner and offliner participation in the German Internet Panel; 2017; Herzing, J. M. E.; Blom, A. G.; Meuleman, B.
- Interviewer Gender and Survey Responses: The Effects of Humanizing Cues Variations; 2017; Jablonski, W.; Krzewinska, A.; Grzeszkiewicz-Radulska, K.
- Millennials and emojis in Spain and Mexico.; 2017; Bosch Jover, O.; Revilla, M.
- Where, When, How and with What Do Panel Interviews Take Place and Is the Quality of Answers Affected...; 2017; Niebruegge, S.
- Comparing the same Questionnaire between five Online Panels: A Study of the Effect of Recruitment Strategy...; 2017; Schnell, R.; Panreck, L.
- Nonresponses as context-sensitive response behaviour of participants in online-surveys and their relevance...; 2017; Wetzlehuetter, D.
- Do distractions during web survey completion affect data quality? Findings from a laboratory experiment...; 2017; Wenz, A.
- Predicting Breakoffs in Web Surveys; 2017; Mittereder, F.; West, B. T.
- Measuring Subjective Health and Life Satisfaction with U.S. Hispanics; 2017; Lee, S.; Davis, R.
- Humanizing Cues in Internet Surveys: Investigating Respondent Cognitive Processes; 2017; Jablonski, W.; Grzeszkiewicz-Radulska, K.; Krzewinska, A.
- A Comparison of Emerging Pretesting Methods for Evaluating “Modern” Surveys; 2017; Geisen, E., Murphy, J.
- The Effect of Respondent Commitment on Response Quality in Two Online Surveys; 2017; Cibelli Hibben, K.
- Pushing to web in the ISSP; 2017; Jonsdottir, G. A.; Dofradottir, A. G.; Einarsson, H. B.
- The 2016 Canadian Census: An Innovative Wave Collection Methodology to Maximize Self-Response and Internet...; 2017; Mathieu, P.
- Push2web or less is more? Experimental evidence from a mixed-mode population survey at the community...; 2017; Neumann, R.; Haeder, M.; Brust, O.; Dittrich, E.; von Hermanni, H.
- In search of best practices; 2017; Kappelhof, J. W. S.; Steijn, S.
- Redirected Inbound Call Sampling (RICS); A New Methodology ; 2017; Krotki, K.; Bobashev, G.; Levine, B.; Richards, S.
- An Empirical Process for Using Non-probability Survey for Inference; 2017; Tortora, R.; Iachan, R.
- The perils of non-probability sampling; 2017; Bethlehem, J.
- A Comparison of Two Nonprobability Samples with Probability Samples; 2017; Zack, E. S.; Kennedy, J. M.
- Rates, Delays, and Completeness of General Practitioners’ Responses to a Postal Versus Web-Based...; 2017; Sebo, P.; Maisonneuve, H.; Cerutti, B.; Pascal Fournier, J.; Haller, D. M.
- Necessary but Insufficient: Why Measurement Invariance Tests Need Online Probing as a Complementary...; 2017; Meitinger, K.
- Nonresponse in Organizational Surveying: Attitudinal Distribution Form and Conditional Response Probabilities...; 2017; Kulas, J. T.; Robinson, D. H.; Kellar, D. Z.; Smith, J. A.
- Theory and Practice in Nonprobability Surveys: Parallels between Causal Inference and Survey Inference...; 2017; Mercer, A. W.; Kreuter, F.; Keeter, S.; Stuart, E. A.
- Is There a Future for Surveys; 2017; Miller, P. V.
- Reducing speeding in web surveys by providing immediate feedback; 2017; Conrad, F.; Tourangeau, R.; Couper, M. P.; Zhang, C.
- Social Desirability and Undesirability Effects on Survey Response latencies; 2017; Andersen, H.; Mayerl, J.
- A Working Example of How to Use Artificial Intelligence To Automate and Transform Surveys Into Customer...; 2017; Neve, S.
- A Case Study on Evaluating the Relevance of Some Rules for Writing Requirements through an Online Survey...; 2017; Warnier, M.; Condamines, A.
- Estimating the Impact of Measurement Differences Introduced by Efforts to Reach a Balanced Response...; 2017; Kappelhof, J. W. S.; De Leeuw, E. D.
- Targeted letters: Effects on sample composition and item non-response; 2017; Bianchi, A.; Biffignandi, S.